The Impact of China's Family Floating Population on the Participation of Medical Insurance in the Inflow Areas.

Background: With the transformation of China's economy and society, the floating population has also shown a new development trend, from individual migration to co-migration with family members. In 2020, among the 376 million floating population, the population flowing to cities and towns was 330 million, accounting for nearly 88.1%. The family mobility of the floating population is not just a simple personal gathering or geographical migration, but a profound adjustment of the living environment, social interaction and the interests of family members. Migrants no longer simply play the role of " urban passers-by", but gradually move with spouses, children, parents, and even settle in the city, which will inevitably produce different public service and social security needs. Objective: To explore the impact of floating population's familyization on the participation of medical insurance in the inflow areas. Methods: This study adopted the form of non-systematic literature review. The key words were floating population and medical insurance. The related analysis of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were reviewed and summarized. Results: Due to the flow between domestic immigrants and regions, their medical insurance is difficult to be guaranteed. The domestic floating population's demand for health services is increasing, but the coverage of medical services provided by medical insurance is not comprehensive enough. Conclusion: It is necessary to integrate the medical insurance system and improve the adaptability of medical insurance to family mobility; protect the welfare needs of migrant families and increase their willingness to participate in medical insurance at the destination; pay attention to the interaction and integration of floating population families, understand and guide them to participate in the status quo of medical insurance, and improve the status quo.

Does domestic migration adversely affect food security? Evidence from Vietnam.

With a population of more than 100 million as of December 2022, food security remains a persistent challenge in Vietnam despite achieving a miracle of economic growth and social transformation in recent decades. Vietnam has also experienced a significant migration from rural areas into urban cities such as Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau. The effects of domestic migration on food security have largely been neglected in the existing literature, particularly in Vietnam. This study investigates the impacts of domestic migration on food security using data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys. Food security is proxied by three dimensions: food expenditure, calorie consumption, and food diversity. The difference-in-difference and instrumental variable estimation techniques are used in this study to address endogeneity and selection bias. The empirical results reveal that domestic migration in Vietnam increases food expenditure and calorie consumption. We also find significant effects of wage, land and family characteristics such as education level and the number of family members on food security when different food groups are considered. Regional income, household headship and the number of children in a family mediate the relationship between domestic migration and food security in Vietnam.

Role of domestic migration stress in adapting precarious behaviours among interstate migrant workers in a semi-urban area of Tamil Nadu.

Background: Migration is a process in which a person moves from one cultural setting to another for a long period of time or permanently, which induces increased adaptation of risky behaviors due to migration stress. This study aimed to identify domestic migration stress and to determine its role in practising precarious behaviours among interstate migrant workers. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 313 migrant workers in the Kanchipuram district using a simple random sampling method for recruitment. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data with details on socio-demographic characteristics and precarious behavior profiles, and the 'domestic migration stress scale' was validated. For analysis, variables were described using frequencies, proportions and mean ± standard deviation, appropriately. Inferential statistics like the 'Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions' were performed to establish the relationship between migration stress and high-risk behavior. Results: Among respondents, 286 (91.37%) were males. The majority were chronic alcoholics [151 (48.56%)], followed by tobacco chewers [106 (33.86%)], chronic smokers [83 (26.51%)], had illicit sexual activity [59 (18.84%)] and drug abusers [4 (1.27%)]. About 247 (78.93%) were under domestic migration stress. Smokers, tobacco chewers and those involved in illicit sexual activity were significant predictor factors. Conclusion: Stress management is paramount, and having the knowledge about their precarious behavior and stress among workers will help in the further development of health promotion strategies for migrant workers.

Are condom-promotion interventions reaching internal migrants in China? Integrated evidence from two cross-sectional surveys.

Behavioral interventions containing behavior change techniques (BCTs) that do not reach the target populations sufficiently will fail to accomplish their desired outcome. To guide sexually transmitted infection prevention policy for internal migrants in China, this study examines the extent to which BCTs aiming at increasing condom use reach the migrants and investigates the preference of the target population for these techniques among 364 migrants and 44 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Shenzhen, China. The results show that condom-promotion techniques that had been offered by HCWs to internal migrants reached a limited proportion of the population (range of reach ratio: 17.6-55.0%), although there appears to be a good match between what is offered and what is preferred by Chinese internal migrants regarding condom-promotion techniques (rank difference ≤ 1). Our findings highlight the need to increase the reach of condom-promotion techniques among Chinese internal migrants, and suggest techniques that are likely to reach the target population and match their preferred health education approaches.

Domestic and International Climate Migration from Rural Mexico.

Evidence is increasing that climate change and variability may influence human migration patterns. However, there is less agreement regarding the type of migration streams most strongly impacted. This study tests whether climate change more strongly impacted international compared to domestic migration from rural Mexico during 1986-99. We employ eight temperature and precipitation-based climate change indices linked to detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project. Results from multilevel discrete-time event-history models challenge the assumption that climate-related migration will be predominantly short distance and domestic, but instead show that climate change more strongly impacted international moves from rural Mexico. The stronger climate impact on international migration may be explained by the self-insurance function of international migration, the presence of strong migrant networks, and climate-related changes in wage difference. While a warming in temperature increased international outmigration, higher levels of precipitation declined the odds of an international move.

Efectos de la migración sobre el crecimiento poblacional a largo plazo de las provincias cubanas / Efeitos da migração sobre o crescimento populacional de longo prazo das províncias cubanas / Effects of migration on long-term population growth in the provinces of Cuba

Cuba es un país que, además de presentar niveles de fecundidad inferiores al nivel de reemplazo, ha registrado un significativo saldo migratorio negativo. Se observa también un intenso flujo migratorio interno cuyo patrón es muy diferente entre las provincias. Debido a la magnitud de estos flujos migratorios, la migración se presenta como un componente demográfico importante en la dinámica poblacional cubana. De esta forma, el objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el efecto de la migración interna e internacional sobre el potencial de crecimiento a largo plazo de Cuba y de sus provincias. Para esto, calculamos medidas de reproducción y de crecimiento poblacional a partir de los métodos demográficos convencionales y de la metodología propuesta por Preston y Wang (2007), que se basa en los métodos de variable r. Considerando el patrón demográfico corriente, en la mayoría de los territorios de Cuba se observa una reducción substantiva en la capacidad de reposición de las generaciones y en tamaño futuro de la población cuando se consideran los efectos de la migración.

Cuba é um país que, além de apresentar níveis de fecundidade inferiores ao nível de reposição, tem registrado um saldo migratório líquido negativo significativo. Observa-se também um intenso fluxo migratório interno, cujo padrão é bastante diferente nas diversas províncias do país. Devido à magnitude destes fluxos migratórios, a migração apresenta-se como um componente demográfico importante na dinâmica populacional cubana. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estimar o efeito das migrações interna e internacional sobre o potencial de crescimento de longo prazo de Cuba e de suas províncias. Para tanto, foram calculadas medidas de reprodução e de crescimento populacional a partir dos métodos demográficos convencionais e da metodologia proposta por Preston e Wang (2007), que se baseia nos métodos da variável-r. Levando em conta o padrão demográfico atual, observa-se, na maioria dos territórios de Cuba, uma redução substantiva na capacidade de reposição das gerações e no tamanho futuro da população quando se consideram os efeitos da migração.

Cuba has shown very low fertility levels, even below replacement level, in addition to significant negative net migration flows. In the country's interior there is intense population mobility, characterized by different migration patterns from one province to another. In this article the effects of both internal and international migration flows on long-term population growth in Cuba and in its provinces are discussed. We estimate reproduction and population growth measures using conventional demographic methods, together with the methodology developed by Preston and Wang (2007), based on variable-r methods. Given current demographic patterns in the majority of Cuban provinces, and when migration effects are accounted for, our analysis shows significant negative consequences for the future maintenance of the Cuban population.

Tendências recentes da mobilidade espacial da população no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Recent trends in spatial mobility of the population in the State of Rio de Janeiro / Tendencias recientes de la movilidad espacial de la población en el Estado de Río de Janeiro

A partir da inquietação sobre explicações que, embora fornecessem importante contribuição, soavam um tanto incompletas para explicar as migrações, este artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a mudança do comportamento que vem ocorrendo nos deslocamentos populacionais no Brasil, a partir da década de 1980, observando, particularmente, os processos migratórios que envolveram o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, que se configura, simultaneamente, como área de atração e expulsão de população. Considerando-se a Demografia um campo do conhecimento que, na sua essência, traz a ideia de processo de mudanças, que refletem as relações sociais inscritas em cada momento histórico, parte-se da hipótese de que os processos de (i)mobilidade da força de trabalho responderia ao modelo de desenvolvimento vigente do capital. O presente estágio de desenvolvimento, em que prevalece o modelo de acumulação flexível, estaria determinando novas estratégias de localização das atividades produtivas, novos modos de regulação das relações capital-trabalho, bem como alterações nas estruturas das categorias ocupacionais, que, em última instância, estariam ditando o novo modo como o capital vem mobilizando a força de trabalho.

This article addresses dissatisfaction with explanations of migrations that, although they have provided important contributions, nonetheless sound somewhat incomplete. The article proposes a discussion on changes in behavior taking place in demographic displacements in Brazil since the 1980s, especially in terms of the migratory processes in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (of which the city of Rio de Janeiro is the capital). The state is both an area of attraction and of expulsion of population. The author sees demography as a field of knowledge that, in essence, implies the idea of processes of change that reflect the social relationships inscribed during each historical moment The article is thus based on the hypothesis that processes of (im)mobility of the labor force could explain the current model of capitalistic development. In terms of the model of flexible accumulation, the present stage of development seems to be determining new strategies for locating productive activities, new modes for regulating relationships of capital, as well as changes in the structures of occupational categories. In the final countdown, these factors are dictating a new mode for capital to mobilize the labor force.

A partir de la inquietud en cuanto a explicaciones que, aunque daban una importante contribución, parecían algo incompletas para explicar las migraciones, este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre el cambio en el comportamiento que se viene dando en los desplazamientos poblacionales en Brasil, desde la década de 1980, observando, particularmente, los procesos migratorios que incluyeron al Estado de Río de Janeiro, que se configura, simultáneamente, como área de atracción y expulsión de población. Como la demografía es considerada un campo del conocimiento que, en su esencia, involucra la idea de proceso de cambios, que reflejan las relaciones sociales inscritas en cada momento histórico, se parte de la hipótesis de que los procesos de (in)movilidad de la fuerza de trabajo responderían al modelo de desarrollo vigente del capital. La presente etapa de desarrollo, en la que prevalece el modelo de acumulación flexible, estaría determinando nuevas estrategias de localización de las actividades productivas, nuevos modos de regulación de las relaciones capital-trabajo, así como modificaciones en las estructuras de las categorías ocupacionales, que, en última instancia, estarían indicando el nuevo modo en que el capital viene movilizando a la fuerza de trabajo.